WAEC Agriculture OBJ
01-10: DBCBCCCCAB
11-20: ADDABDCADC
21-30: AACCDBCACB
31-40: DCDDCBBDAB
41-40: DCCABCCCBC
COMPLETED!!!
WAEC Agriculture Essay
Number 1
(1ai)
Rural-urban migration:
(i)Reduces available farm labour, leading to low crop yields
(ii)Farm lands are abandoned, causing decrease in cultivated area
(iii)Remaining farmers are mostly elderly/less productive, reducing output
(1aii)
Inadequate farm inputs:
(i)Low soil fertility due to lack of fertilizers, reducing crop yield
(ii)Poor weed/pest control due to lack of agrochemicals
(iii)Use of poor-quality seeds leads to low harvest
(1aiii)
Inadequate storage facilities:
(i)Leads to post-harvest losses through pest/rodent attack
(ii)Causes food spoilage due to improper preservation
(iii)Forces farmers to sell at low prices immediately after harvest
(1b)
Farm tools are simple, handheld instruments powered by human muscle. While Farm machinery consists of large, mechanized devices powered by engines or motors to cover large areas of land quickly.
(1c)
(i)Clearing land of trees and stumps
(ii)Levelling uneven ground for cultivation
(iii)Constructing farm roads and dams
(iv)Pushing heavy materials/soil across the farm
(1d)
(i)Spanner/wrench
(ii)Screwdriver
(iii)Pliers
Number 2
(2ai)
Horizon A;
Topsoil; dark in colour; rich in humus and organic matter; supports plant growth and most biological activity
(2aii)
Horizon B;
Subsoil; lighter in colour; contains minerals leached from horizon A; less organic matter; some plant roots reach here
(2aiii)
Horizon C;
Partially weathered parent rock; little organic matter; few roots penetrate; transitional layer
(2aiv)
Horizon D; Unweathered/bedrock; no organic matter; no biological activity; base of soil profile
(2b)
Fill the table using under:
| Sedimentary |
-Limestone
-Dolomite
-Coal
| Metamorphic |
-Marble
-Slate
— —
| Igneous |
-Gabbro
— —
(2c)
(i)High temperature increases rate of evapotranspiration, causing water stress in plants
(ii)Low temperature slows plant growth and metabolic processes
(iii)Extreme heat destroys crops and reduces yield
(iv)Temperature influences pest and disease distribution affecting crop health
Number 3
(3a)
(i) Alley cropping; Growing food crops in alleys/rows between planted hedgerow trees (e.g. Leucaena); trees provide mulch, improve soil fertility
(ii) Ley farming; Alternating arable cropping with grass/legume pasture on same land to restore soil fertility
(iii)Taungya system; Growing food crops between young forest/timber tree seedlings; farmers tend the trees while growing their crops
(3b)
(i)To improve and maintain soil fertility
(ii)To reduce soil erosion by tree cover
(iii)To provide shade for shade-loving crops
(iv)To provide additional income from timber/fruits
(v)To conserve moisture in the soil
(3ci)
Water cycle; Water evaporates from oceans/rivers/lakes → rises as water vapour → cools and condenses to form clouds → falls as precipitation (rain/snow) → runs off into rivers or infiltrates soil → returns to oceans, and the cycle repeats.
(3cii)
(i)Capillary water
(ii)Gravitational water
Number 4
(4ai)
Soil requirement:
Well-drained, loamy, fertile soil rich in organic matter; slightly acidic pH of 5.5–6.5
(4aii)
Land preparation:
Land is cleared, ploughed/tilled deeply and harrowed to fine tilth; ridges or mounds are made; organic manure is incorporated
(4aiii)
Planting material:
Fresh, healthy rhizomes (setts) with at least one viable bud
(4aiv)
Spacing: 30 cm × 30 cm or 25 cm × 30 cm between plants and rows
(4aiv)
Method of harvesting: Uprooting/digging with hoe or fork when leaves turn yellow and die back (about 8–10 months after planting)
(4avi)
(i)Sun-drying/dehydration into dry ginger
(ii)Grinding into ginger powder/spice
(4bi)
Area of farmland
Area of rectangle = 46 m × 30 m = 1380 m²
Area of triangle = ½ × (60 − 46) × 30
= ½ × 14 × 30
= 210 m²
Total area = 1380 m² + 210 m²
= 1,590 m²
(4bii)
Spacing = 30 cm × 30 cm
= 0.3 m × 0.3 m
Area occupied per stand
= 0.3 × 0.3
= 0.09 m²
Number of maize stands
= 1590 ÷ 0.09
= 17,667 stands (approximately)
(4c)
(i)Earthworms
(ii)Bacteria
(iii)Fungi
Number 5
(5ai)
Crop:
(i)Temporarily stores/softens food before digestion
(ii)Moistens food with fluid to begin breakdown
(5aii)
Gizzard:
(i)Grinds and crushes food into smaller particles using grit
(ii)Mixes food thoroughly to aid digestion
(5aiii)
Small intestine:
(i)Digests food using enzymes and bile
(ii)Absorbs digested nutrients into the bloodstream
(5aiv)
Large intestine:
(i)Absorbs water from undigested food
(ii)Passes waste/faeces out through the cloaca
(5bi)
ration is the total amount of feed given to an animal in a 24-hour period to meet its nutritional requirements for maintenance, growth, production and reproduction.
(5bii)
(i)High in fibre/cellulose content
(ii)Low in digestible nutrients/energy
(iii)High bulk/volume but low weight
(iv)Low in protein content
(5c)
(i)Making ropes and cordage
(ii)Weaving of mats, baskets and bags
(iii)Production of textiles/clothing fabric
(iv)Making paper and paperboard
Number 6
(6ai)
(i)Sorting and grading the oranges by size and quality
(ii)Washing and cleaning the fruits to remove dirt
(iii)Packaging/boxing the oranges for transportation
(iv)Storing in cool/cold storage to preserve freshness
(6aii)
(i)Constructing and maintaining good roads to farming communities
(ii)Providing subsidized transport for moving produce to markets
(iii)Establishing marketing boards to purchase and distribute produce
(iv)Setting up cold storage/preservation facilities along distribution routes
(v)Granting loans/subsidies to traders and distributors
(6b)
(i)Insufficient number of extension officers relative to farmers
(ii)Poor/bad road network making farms inaccessible
(iii)Lack of transport/vehicles for extension officers
(iv)Inadequate funding for field operations
(v)Large distances between farms and extension offices
(6c)
(i) Cattle: Taenia saginata
(ii) Pig: Taenia solium
(6d)
(i)Regular deworming of pigs with anticlimactic drugs
(ii)Maintaining proper sanitation proper disposal of pig faeces to prevent pigs from eating contaminated material
COMPLETED!!!