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Biology-OBJ!-By-Expobite-Com
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BIOLOGY-THEORY
(1a)
(i) To search for food.
(ii) Escape predators.
(iii) Find mates for reproduction.
(iv) To disperse/reduce competition/overcrowding by moving to new locations.
(1bi)
Phloem: Responsible for the transportation of enzymes/hormones.
(1bii)
Leaf: is used for photosynthesis
(1biii)
Xylem; is to transport water from roots to stems and leave
(1biv)
Flower; is for reproduction in plant
(1ci)
(i)Low water requirements
(ii)No leaves or small number of leaves
(iii)Possession of thorn or needles
(1cii)
(i)it provides new cells for growth
(ii)for replacement of worn-out cells
(1di)
An image is formed on the retina with light rays converging most at the cornea and upon entering and exiting the lens. Rays from the top and bottom of the object are traced and produce an inverted real image on the retina. The distance to the object is drawn smaller than scale.
(1dii)
(i)Evidences from Palaeontology
(ii)Evidences from Comparative Morphology
(iii)Evidences from taxonomy
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(2a)
(i)Eye lids
(ii)Conjunctiva
(2bi)
Excretion is the removal of waste products of metabolism which are harmful or would in time interfere with the normal functions of the organisms
(2bii)
Competition is an interaction between a number of the organisms of the same or different species for resources in limited supply such as food, water , space and light
(2biii)
Deforestation is the extensive cutting down of trees for the purpose of either farming it firewood or mining thereby exposing the top soil to agents of erosion
(2c)
(2d)
(i)Refrigeration
(ii)Canning
(iii)Dehydration or drying of foods
(iv)Pasteurization
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(3a)
(i) Meiosis : four daughter cells
(ii) Mitosis: two identical daughter cells
(3bi)
(i)It reduces the risk of diseases from parents to offsprings
(ii)It create diversity and variation among populations
(3bii)
The relationship is known as commensalism in which the remora fish gains while he shark neither gain nor loose. In this case, the remora fish attach itself to the shark which transport it round the water protecting it form predators and it also obtain it’s food through the process. The shark on the other hand neither gain or loose.
(3ci)
(i)High fever
(ii)Sore throat
(iii)dry cough
(3cii)
It carries filtered blood from the kidney’s to the posterior vena cava
(3di)
Ecological niche: This is the exact position by an organism in a particular habitat
(3dii)
Population density: This can be defined as the total number of organism per unit area of the habitat
(3diii)
Climax community: This is established when a stable or unchanging community is attained, thus the community is in equilibrium with the environment
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(4ai)
Aestivation is the mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in the floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl.
(4aii)
(i)Nose for smelling
(ii)Eyes for seeing
(iii)Tongue for tasting
(iv)Ear for hearing
(4aiii)
When a person spin around rapidly, that liquid in the inner ear spins as well. When the person stops spinning the liquid keeps moving for a bit, confusing your brain into thinking that the person is still spinning even when the person is standing still and that causes the feeling dizziness after spinning around the stationary object.
(4bi)
Neuron; transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
(4bii)
cerebrum; initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature
(4biii)
Mendulla Oblongata; passes messages between your spinal cord and brain.
(4biv)
cerebellum; coordinates voluntary movements
(4ci)
Tabulate;
(i)tropic the effect is more or less permanent while Nastic movements are temporary and reversible.
(ii)Stimuli for the tropic movements are unidirectional and never diffuse while The stimuli for the Nastic movements may be unidirection or diffuse.
(iii)Movement in tropic movements is directional while Nastic movements is non directional
(4cii)
(i)Contains chlorophyll Absorbs light
(ii)Stomata Allows carbon dioxide to move by diffusion into the leaf
(iii)Guard cells To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions
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BIOLOGY OBJ:
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SECTION A: ANSWER TWO(2) QUESTIONS ONLY
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(1ai) When the head moves or changes position, the endolymph fluid in the semi-circular canals moves and stimulates the nerve endings. The nerve endings then transmit the impulses through vestibular to the cerebellum of the brain where the new position at the head is interpreted and the appropriate responses sent to the muscular system to maintain body balance (1aii) CLICK HERE FOR THE IMAGE (1aiii) The middle ear in humans can be split into three parts; external, middle, and inner. The middle ear lies within the temporal bone and extends from the tympanic membrane to the lateral wall of the inner ear. The main function of the middle ear is to transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear via the auditory ossicles. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September =========================================== (2a) Deficiency diseases are diseases that are caused by the lack of certain essential nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, in one’s diet over a prolonged period of time (2aii) TABULATE – Beri-Beri ; Intake of vitamin B – Kwashiorkor; Intake of protein – Scurvy; Intake vitamin C – Goitre ; Intake of iodine in diet – Anaemia; Intake of iron and copper (2bi) -Put a few small, freshly cut pieces of yam in a clean test tube, then Pour 10 mL distilled water into the test tube. -Now, boil the contents of the test tube for about 5 minutes. Allow the test tube to cool. -Filter the contents of the test tube through a filter paper. Test the obtained filtrate for the presence of starch by adding iodine. -If colour changes to pink then iodine is presence (2bii) Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September -Heat a solution of the orange fruit then add Benedict’s reagent and observing the colour change orange. -It is a clear blue solution of sodiumand copper salts. -In the presence of simple sugars, the blue solution changes color to green, yellow, and brick-red, depending. =========================================== (3a) TABULATE (i) Disease: Cholera Causative organism: Bacterium (vibro cholerae) Vector: Housefly Control: Keeping environment clean (ii) Disease: Sleeping sickness Causative organism: Trypanosome Vector: tse-tse fly Control: use of antiseptic (iii) Disease: Malaria Causative organism: Plasmodium (protozoa) Vector: Female anopheles mosquito Control: Draining of swamps (iv) Disease: Ringworm Causative organism: Trichophyton and microsporum Vector: None Control: Keeping of skin clean and dry (3bi) Salting is the dusting of farm products with table salt (3bii) Irradiation is the drying of some crops or products using the heat from the sun (3biii) Smoking is the drying of some farm products over a smoke of a naked fire =========================================== (6ai) External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism’s sperm fertilizes a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s body. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (6aii) Internal fertilization occurs most often in land-based animals, although some aquatic animals also use this method. There are three ways that offspring are produced following internal fertilization. (6bi) (i)Toad (ii)Frog (6bii) (i)Goat (ii)Cow (6ci) (i)the foetus will not get oxygen (ii)the foetus will not get nutrients. (iii)waste products from your baby’s blood will not be removed (6cii) [pick three] (i)fundus (ii)corpus (iii)isthmus (iv)cervix. ================================ (6d) Competition in feeding among organisms for scarce resources leads to the death of weaker members of the species and the reproduction of the stronger members, leading to a dynamic equilibrium that balances the rate of death to the rate of birth. (6e) (i) Problem of Wave (ii) Effects of temperature (iii) Salinity of the Marine (iv) Humidity (6fi) Moisture helps in the germination of seeds by helping to activate the metabolic activities needed for germination, dissolved oxygen content in moisture acts is very beneficial to the biochemical process involved in germination. (6fii) Viable seeds are healthy and contain the organic requirements for a healthy germination, and is most times resistant to harsh weather conditions, and lack of nutrients. (6g) Light energy is considered a limiting factor in production of food by autotrophs because, photosynthesis which is the main process by which autotrophs produce food cannot take place in the absence of light. The energy from light is solely responsible for the process of photosynthesis. Answers Loading… Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September QUESTIONS 👇
================================ (4a) TABULATE – Specimen P- – Test: 2 drops of specimen P in water – Observation time(seconds): 3-4 seconds before it dissolves – Medium of spread: Water – Sense organ: Eye -Specimen Q- – Test: Teaspoon of specimen Q + water – Observation time(seconds): Dissolves within 65 seconds – Medium of spread: Water – Sense organ: Eye -Specimen R- – Test: Cut section of specimen R – Observation time(seconds): 2 seconds or almost immediately – Medium of spread: Air – Sense organ: Nose Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (4b) The biological phenomenon occurred is diffusion (4c) (i) – Stiring – heating (ii) – Shaking – Stiring (iii) – Size of medium – Wind (4di) DRAWING (4dii) It is Whorl (4diii) – Loop – Whorl – Arch/Compound (4div) – It is used in crime detection – It is used as mark of identity – It is used to determine paternity of a child (4dv) It is physiological variation. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September ============================ (1ai) TABULATE – TEST: Specimen B + 2drops of iodine solution – OBSERVATION: No precipitate is found (No reaction is occurring) – INFERENCE: It indicates specimen B contains no starch content (1aii) TABULATE – TEST: Specimen B + 2ml of NaOH(aq) + 3 drops of CuSO4 + shake – OBSERVATION: The mixture will turn to purple or violet colour – INFERENCE: Protein is present (1b) (i) Test for starch (ii) Test for protein (Biuret test) (1c) (i)Additional income is obtained through quality mushrooms (ii)They contain vitamins and proteins and Laos acts as antioxidants supporting the immune system (1di) Fungi (1dii) (i)Eukaryotic organism (ii)Absence of chlorophyll (iii)Cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose (1diii) (i)Molds (ii)Mildews (iii)Smuts (iv)Rusts (v)Yeast (1ei) Mullosca (1eii) (i)Presence of tentacles (ii)Possession of soft and unsegmented bodies (iii)Body is covered by a mantle and she’ll (iv)They are bilaterally symmetrical (v)They are triploblastic with three layers. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (1fi) Specimen C (mushrooms) are decomposers breaking down surface waste releasing nitrogen back into the soil in form of ammonium nitrate, a nutrient essential for plant survival (1fii) Saprophytic mode of nutrition ================================ (2a) E: Succulent Fruit F: Berry/Flesh Fruit H: Legume/Pod (2b) E: Parietal Plancentation F: Axile Plancentation. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (2c) E: Human F: Animal H: Explosive Mechanism (2di) (i)It is dispersed when ripe because of its attractiveness (ii)It’s seed is succulent and edible (2dii) (choose any 2) i. Vitamin C ii. Potassium iii. Amino acid iv. Magnesium (2e) (i) green (ii) It signifies that it’s still young. (2fi) Marginal placentation (2fii) =================================== (1ai) A = Yam Tuber (fresh) B = Cassava Tuber (fresh) C = Quadrat D = Insect net E = Rain gauge F = Rice grain (paddy) G = Dry groundnut seeds (1aii) A = Yam Tuber is propagated by Yam setts, Yam seeds or Yam minisetts B = Cassava tuber is propagated by stem cuttings F = Rice grain is propagated by seed. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (1aiii) C = It is used to determine the population of small organisms/small plants/crawling insects. D = It is used to collect flying insects/any correctly named Insect. E = It is used to measure amount of rain/rainfall/precipitation. (1aiv) 8-10cm well labeled Diagram of Insect set: CLICK HERE FOR THE IMAGE (1bi) (1) = The surface of B turn blue black (2) = Starch is present (1bii) F = Grains(cereals) G = pulses(legume) (1biii) (i) The paper appears translucent (ii) Fat and oil is present in G (1biv) Fat and oil
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(1ai) Specimen; A is yam tuber Specimen; B is cassava tuber Specimen; C is quadrant Specimen; D is insect net Specimen; E is rain guage Specimen; F is rice grain Specimen; G is dry groundnuts seed
(1aii) Specimen; A is propagated from small tubers Specimen; B is propagated by stem Specimen; F is propagated by seeds
(1aiii) Specimen; C is used for for study of the distribution of an item over a large area. Specimen; D is used for prevention against insects Specimen; E is used to measure the precipitating rain
(1aiv) Diagram of insect net. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September
(1bi) (i)The surface of B turn blue-black (ii)starch is present
(1bii) Specimen; F grains (cereals) Specimen; G puises (legume)
(1biii) (i)The paper appears translucent (ii) Specimen; G contain fat and oil or fat and oil is present in specimen G
(1biv)
Fat and oil
(2ai) Specimen; H is contour feather Specimen; I is quill feather Specimen; J is Filoplume Specimen; K is millipede Specimen; L is centipede
(2aii) (i)They provide insulation to birds (ii)Feathers allow for flight (iii)Feathers are used for defense (iv)Feathers are used for camouflage
(2aiii) (i)Wings (ii)Tail
(2bi) Diagram of specimen I.
(2bii) (i)Specimen; H serve as aerodynamic devices for flight (ii)Specimen; J are used principally as insulation, to conserve body heat.
(2biii) Specimen; K belong to the class Diplopoda Specimen; L belong to the class Chilopoda.
(2biv) In tabular form -Specimen; K- (i)millipedes are more rounded. (ii)Millipedes have two sets of legs per segment positioned directly under their body.
-Specimen; L- (i)centipedes have a flatter body
(ii)Centipedes have one set of legs per segment positioned on the side of their body.
(3ai) Specimen; M is Grasshopper Specimen; N is spider Specimen; O is Larva (house fly) Specimen; P is Larva ( mosquito) Specimen; Q Flame of The forest flower Specimen; R hibicuss flower
(3aii) (i)Specimen; M belongs to Insecta (ii)Specimen; N belongs to Arachnida
(3aiii) (i)Specimen; N has four pairs of legs (eight total). (ii)N has also have two additional pairs of appendages. (iii)Specimen; N do not have antennae or wings.
(3aiv) Specimen; O is Leftovers foods Specimen; P is stagnant water
(3bi) (i)anthers (ii)filaments
(3bii) Diagram of specimen Q.
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(3ai) Hibiscus flower (3aii) Insect (3b) Male reproductive part – Stamens Female reproductive part – Carpels (3c) Drawing =========================================== (4ai) Specimen D – bedbug Specimen E – dog tick Specimen F – cockroach (4aii) Habitat for specimen D – Crevices of furniture and beds. Habitat of specimen E – On dogs or cattle. Habitat of specimen F – Inside cupboards. (4bi) Parasitic relationship. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (4bii) Control of specimen D – by using pesticides or chemicals. Control of specimen E – by using tick sprays to kill them. Control of specimen F – spraying with insecticides or pesticides. (4c) Economic importance of specimen D – It cause diseases in human (anaemia), it is costly in controlling them Economic importance of specimen F – Transmits dirt/Contaminates food, Their faeces stains clothes/books =========================================== (5ai) Specimen G – Maize grain Specimen H – cowpea seed (5aii) Germination of specimen G – Hypogeal germination Germination of specimen H – Epigeal germination (5bi) Food stores by specimen G – Carbohydrate Food stored by specimen H – protein (5bii) Venation in specimen G – Parallel venation Venation in specimen H- net or reticulate venation (5ci) Pest that attacks specimen G – army worms Pest that attack specimen H – foliage beetles (5cii) Economic importance of specimen G – It is use as a source of food, Economic importance specimen H – Source of proteins
======================== (1ai) A- Atlas Vertebra B- Thoracic Vertebra C- Scapula D- Lumbar Vertebra (1aii) A- Neck Region. B- Chest Region. C- Shoulder Region. D- Upper Abdomen. (1aiii) Tabulate Under Specimen A (i) It has short neural Spine. (ii) Vertebrabateria Canal is Present. Under Specimen D (i) It has board and neural Spine. (ii) Vertebrabateria Canal is Present. (1aiv) (i) They both have neural canal. (ii) They both possess centrum. (1b) Diagram of specimen C (1ci) E – pooter F – sweep net G – tridax fruit H – tadpole (1cii) E ; it is used for collecting insects. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September F ; it is used for collecting flying insects and other invertebrates from long grass (1ciii) (i)By wind (1civ) (i) presence of gills from respiration (ii) presence of long muscular tail for swimming and movement in water (iii) presence of transparent fin for swimming ===================================== (2ai) I – Spirogyra J – Okro fruit K – mango fruit L – Tick M – Bean weevil (2aii) (i)their bodies are characterised by multicellular filaments (ii)it is an unbranched, filamentous green algae occuring in stagnant water (2bi) Tabulate -Under specimen J- (i)seed are small (ii)many seeded (iii)anile placentation -Under specimen K- (i)seed in large (ii)one seeded (iii)Basal placentation (2bii) L – class arachnid M – class insect (2biii) L; cause stress in animals affected by bites, blood losses that can lead to anemia and even death M; they make holes in the plants to oviposition the causing directed and indirect damage (2ci) Diagram of specimen K (2cii) Tabulate -Under specimen L- (i)pear shaped body (ii)approximately 3 to 5 mm in length to age, species -Under specimen M- (i)general compact and oral in shape (ii)size range from 1 to 22mm ==================================== (3ai) N – cactus plant O – water lettuce P – soldier termite. Waec Biology Practical 2021 Answers 17th September (3aii) N – Terrestrial habitat/forest O – Aquatic habitat P – Terrestrial habitat (3bi) Adaptive features of N (cactus) (i)presence of spines to reduce water loss (ii)presence of succulent stems to conserve water. (iii)present of thick and waxy skin to reduce loss of water Adoptive features of O (water lettuce) (i)presence of air space for bouyancy (ii)presence of numerous root or absorption of mineral salt (iii)presence of more stomata on upper surface for diffusion of CO² (3bii) Diagram of specimen P
SPECIMEN P – Soldier termite (mandibulate)
(3ci) (i)it increases humus content of the soil (ii)it increases penetration of water in the soil by burrowing (3cii) (i)defending the colony against enemies
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