Waec Chemistry 2021 Answers – Tuesday 28th September 2021

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Waec Chemistry Questions and Answers – See all the answers and questions on Chemistry for this year’s AUGUST/SEPTEMBER Waec Chemistry exams Expo here.

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2021 Waec Chemistry Answers
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Theory-Answers

(1a)
A molecular formula consists of the chemical symbols for the constituent followed by numeric subscripts showing the number of atoms of each element present while structural formula consists of symbols for the atoms connected by short lines that represent chemical bonds.

(1b)
(i) Screening effect
(ii) Size of atom
(iii) Nuclear change

(1c)
(i) The reaction must proceed both forward and backward i.e reversible
(ii) DG = O

(1d)
(i) B
(ii) It has the least ionization energy among the three

(1e)
Graham’s law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of their densities provided other conditions remained constant

(1f)
(i) Na2SO4. Mg(NO3)2
(ii) CaCO3

(1g)
(i) Protein – Addition polymer
(ii) Perspex – Condensation polymer
(iii) Nylon – Condensation polymer

(1h)
Atomic radius can be defined as the half distance between the nucleus of two covalently bonded atoms.

(1i)
Ethanol has a higher boiling point than propane because it has stronger force of attraction than propane which has a weak van der waal’s force.

(1j)
(i) It aids the digestion of food
(ii) It aids the action of enzymes
(iii) It controls the availablity of nutrients
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(2ai)
(i) They have the same method of preparation
(ii) They have the same chemical properties

(2aii)
(i) Ethane has a single bond while Ethene has a double bond
(ii) They belong to different homogeneous series
(iii) They have different molecular formula and structural formula

(2bi)
(i)HCl
(ii) – It is colourless
– It has an irritating odour
(iii) 2Nacl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) —> Na2SO4(aq) + 2Hcl(g)

(2ci)
Hydrocarbons are compounds having hydrogen and carbon atoms only. Examples are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes etc

(2cii)
(i) Coal
(ii) Crude oil

(2ciii)
C H
83% 100.83
83/12 17/1
6.92/6.92 17/6.92
1 2
Empirical formula = CH2

(2d)
https://i.imgur.com/W1NMoXK.jpg
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(3ai)
H2SO4 (aq) + 2KOH(aq) —> K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(3aii)
Given, Va = 25.0cm³, Vb = 24.0cm³, Cb = 0.15mol/dm³, Ca =?, Na = 1 , Nb = 2
Using,
CaVa/CbVb = Na/Nb
Ca = CbVbNa/VaNb
Ca = 0.15 × 24.0 × 1/25.0×2
Ca = 3.6/50 = 0.072mol/dm³

(3bi)
(i) 2Mg(s) + CO2(g) —> 2MgO(aq) + C(g)
(ii) This is because magnesium can reduce carbon (iv) oxide to black carbon and producing magnesium oxide

(3bii)
Mg(NO3)2
M of Mg(NO3)2 = 24+(2×14) + (6×16)
= 24 + 28 + 96
= 148g/mol
% of N = 28/148 × 100/1
N = 18.9%

(3ci)
(i) Reaction with KMnO4
(ii) Reaction with bromine water

(3cii)
It turns them colourless

(3d)
Boil the vegetable oil in sodium hydroxide solution, it breaks down releasing the organic acid and the alkanol. The process is known as saponification. The organic ester is immediately neutralized by the sodium hydroxide solution to form the sodium salt of the organic acid which is soap
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(4ai)
(i) Graphite – Hexagonal
(ii) Diamond – Octahedral

(4aii)
Diamond us hard because of the strong force of attraction that hold them together and it can not conduct electricity because all the available electrons are used for bonding while Graphite is soft because it’s particles are in layers and can conduct electricity because not all the electrons are used for bonding

(4bi)
(i) It helps to remove dissolved gases and oxidizes dissolved metals
(ii) It helps to remove objects such as rags, paper, plastics, and clogging of downstream equipment
(iii) It reduces particle concentration in water and minimizes the need for coagulation and flocculation

(4bii)
(i) Calcium tetraoxosulphate (vi)
(ii) Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate

(4biii)
(i) Filtration
(ii) Boiling

(4biv)
It has a sweet taste and it builds the shells of lower organisms

(4ci)
The ore (SnO2) is wasted out of the ground with water, powdered, washed and roasted to drive off oxides sulphur, arseric and antimony. The roasted one is now reduced by heating with coke in a reverberatory furnace and molten tin is tapped off from the bottom of the furnace. The tin obtained is impure and it is remelted on a slopping furnace in which the tin melts and run its moulds. The tin obtained is 99.9% pure

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Waec Chemistry Answers 2021 for 28th September 2021

Tuesday, 28th September 2021

• Chemistry 2 (Essay) 2:00 pm. –4:00 pm.
• Chemistry 1 (Objective) 4:00 pm. –5:00 pm.

EXAM TYPE: Waec 2021

SUBJECT: Chemistry

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Waec Past Questions and Answer

The West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) is a type of standardized test taken in West Africa, mostly by students who wish to proceed to higher institutions. It is administered by the West African Examination Council (WAEC).

The resources below on Chemistry have been provided by WAEC to assist you to understand the required standards expected in the Chemistry final Examination. Students’ performance in the examination under review was done by the Chief examiner Questions.

The contents in each WASSCE Chemistry question paper (for a specific year) are usually similar from one country to another. Questions on the WASSCE Chemistry section may be specified to be answered by candidates.

The standard of the paper was good and did not deviate from those of the previous years.  The questions were straightforward, unambiguous, and spread to cover most aspects of the Syllabus.  The rubrics were clearly stated.

However, there has been so much significant improvement in the overall candidates’ performance compared with those of the previous years because of the Past question that student engages themselves.

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6. An aqueous solution has a pH of 4.0. (a) (i) What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution? (ii) What effect will it have on litmus paper? (iii) Which of the following salt solutions would have the same effect on litmus? Give a reason for your answer. NH4Cl(aq); NaCl(aq) ; CH3OON(aq). (b) (i) Differentiate between a fine chemical and a heavy chemical. (ii) Name two sources of air pollution. (iii) Suggest one way of reducing air pollution in cities  

  8. A substance which ionizes completely into hydroxonium ions is a A. Strong acid. B. Strong base. C. Weak acid. D. Weak base. 9. Which of the following solutions is able to resist changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or a base is added? A. Buffer solution B. Neutral solution C. Saturated solution D. Supersaturated solution 10. Protein is a polymer formed from the linkage of A. Amino acid molecules. B. Fatty acid molecules. C. Glucose units. D. Monosaccharides.

13. An element $\text{X}$ forms the following oxides ${\text{X}}_2\text{O},\text{XO}$ and ${\text{XO}}_2.$ This phenomenon illustrates the law of ________

  Chemistry-Obj! 1BBDDADEBCA 11BDEABDBCEE 21DEEECCCCEC 31ABDAADCAAB 41EDEDAEADDD 51DBEBABBADA COMPLETED. Love You All. Subscribe For Your Next Subject….. ==================================== (1ai) (i)graphite (ii)diamond (1aii) (i)animal charcoal (ii)carbon black (1aiii) (i)The property of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number (ii)Elements are arranged in the periodic table according to the order of increasing in their atomic weight. (1bi) Periodicity can be defined as the trend or recurring variation in element properties with increasing atomic number. (1bii) using; mole = no; of atoms/avogadro’s constant 0.5=no; of atoms/6.023*10²³ no; of atoms = 0.5*6.02*10²³=3.012*10²³atom (1ci) Faraday’s first law of electrolysis state that the chemical deposition due to the flow of current through an electrolyte is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity (coulombs) passed through it. (1cii) 2O²^- + 9^e —>2O² no; of electron = 4 Q=20300C G.M.V =22.4dm³. F=96500C Mole=Q/n,f Mole=20300/4*96500 Mole=20300/386000 Mole=0.05mol Recall; =vol/G.M.V 0.05=vol/22.4 vol=0.05*22.4 vol=1.12dm³ (1di) Using H²SO⁴ H+ SO⁴^-¹ H+ OH^- A+ Anode OH —-> OH + e^- 2OH+(aq)+2OH(aq)—->2H²O(s)+O²(aq) (1dii) Tabulate -Electrolyte- (I)teraoxosulphate(iv)acid (II)Ester -non electrolyte- (III)phenol (1ei) (i)mercury (1eii) (I)no; of electron in Y =16 (II)no; of mass number =16+18=34 (III)sulphur ===================================== (2ai) basicity can be defined as the number of replaceable hydrogen ion in an acid (2aii) (I) —> 3 (II) —> 1 (III) —> 2 (2bi) (i)Concentration (ii)Temperature (iii)Pressure (2bii) (i)Light (ii)Temperature (iii)Nature of reactant (2ci) Tabulate S/N; (I), (II) Indicator; methyl orange, phenolphthalein Colour in acid; red, colourless Colour at end point; orange colourless Colour in base; yellow, pink Suitable for; strong acid and weak base, weak acid and strong base (2cii) (i)Nitrogen —> 1s²,2s²,2p³ (ii)Fluorine —> 1s²,2s²,2p⁵ (iii)Aluminum —> 1s¹,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p¹ (2di) (I)Hydrogen gas is liberated (II)The purple colour turns colourless (III)It leads to the deposit of black residue of carbon (2dii) (i)It serve as immediate source of energy (ii)it is used in the manufacture of sweets. ===================================== (4ai) (I)Burning requires heating while corrosion does not (II)Boiling occurs at a certain temperature while evaporation occurs at all temperature (4b) A concentration solution can be defined as a solution formed when a large quantity of a substance dissolves in a little volume of water (4bii) (i)position of ion in electrochemical series (ii)concentration ion (iii)nature of electrodes (4ci) Al²(SO⁴)³=(27*2)+(32*3)+(16*12) =54+96+192=342glmol (4cii) Aluminum teraoxosulphate (iv) (4ciii) (i)Propane – 1,2,3,- triol (ii)Potassium salt (4di) Tabulate. -Soaples detergent- (i)it does not form scum in hard water (ii)they are non-biodegradale -Soapy detergent- (i)It firm scum in hard water (ii)They are biodegradable (4dii) (i)RCOOH (ii)ROH (4diii) V1=300cm³. P1=760mmHg P2=800mmHg, V2=? Using; V1*P1 =V2*P2 300*700=V2*300 V2=300*760/800 V2=228000/800 V2=285cm³ (4div) Its change is +3 (4dv) Al³^+ (Aluminum ion) ==================================== (5ai) Coal and coke (5aii) (I)acidic — NO² nitrogen (iv) oxide (II)neutral — NO nitrogen (ii) oxide (5aiii) HCOOH. H²SO⁴/H²O CO(g) 46g of HCOOH = 22.4dm³ of CO 600g of HCOOH = X X= 600*22.4/46=2.92dm³ of CO(s) is produced. (5bi) (i)To standardize a solution of an acid or base (ii)To determine the percentage purity and impurity of an acid of a base (5bii) (I)density (II)solubility (5ci) FeCl²(s) + 2NaOH(aq) —-> 2NaCl²(aq) + Fe(OH)²(s) The main product is sodium chloride and iron (II) hydroxide (5cii) (I)FeCl² (II)iron (ii) chloride (5di) (I)it is slightly denser than air (II)it is slightly soluble in water (5dii) Because on exposure to air of rust due to the formation of hydrated iron (iii) oxide. In other words rusting it changes to reddish brown flaky powder is formed with new properties and irrversable permanent change. Fe(s) + 3O³(g)+ XH²O(s) —> 2Fe²O³ XH²O(s) (5diii) Mas of dry hydrogen =35g Mass of dry hydrogen + oxygen vapour of a compound= 440g Mass of organic vapour of the compound = 440g-35g=405g V.D of the vapour =mass of vapour/mass of equal volume of H² 405/35 =11.51 ≅ 11.6 V.D = 11.6 R.m.m of the vapour =V.D *2 11.6*2=23.2 ===================================== (6ai) (I)Efflorescence (II)Isotope (III)Isomerism (6aii) Kipps apparatus (6aiii) (i)Temperature (ii)Enthalpy change value (6bi) Polymerisation can be defined as the arrangement of smaller nuclei to form a large nuclei (6bii) (i)Addition polymerisation (ii)Condensation Polymerisation (6biii) OH^- =4.583r10^⁵ Since [H^+] [OH]= 10^-¹⁴ [H^+] [4.583*10^-⁵]=10^-¹⁴ [H^+]=1*10^-¹⁴/4.583*10^-⁵ [H^+]=0.22*10^-⁹ [H^+]=2.2*10^-¹⁰moldm³ Since; PH= – logH^+ PH= – log¹⁰ 2.2*10^-¹⁰ PH=0.34+10 PH=10.34 (6ci) (I) —-> carbohydrate (II) —-> R-OH and R-CHO (6cii) (I)Brass composition; copper and zinc -uses of brass- (i)it is use in making hammers (ii)it is used in application where low corrosion resistance is required. (II)steel composition; iron and carbon -Uses of steel- (i)it is used on roofs (ii)it is used as cladding for exterior walls (6ciii) (i)Fermentation (ii)Preparation from ethene (6iv) This is because there are on molecules in that can accept protons ===================================== Completed   ===========================   CHEMISTRY OBJ 1-10: ABDCCDBDCD 11-20: ABCDDDCDBC 21-30: CABDCCCBAD 31-40: BCBDABCACC 41-50: CABDBACCBD °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°′°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 1ai) Entropy is a measure of degree or disorder or randomness of a system unit is JK^-1 mol^-1. 1di) _Under Electrovalent Compound_ 1. They are solid at room temperature and do not vaporise easily. 2. They have high melting point and boiling point. 3. Elctrovalent Compounds readily dissolve in water and other polar solvent. 4. They do not dissolve in non – polar solvents such as benzene, ether, etc. _Under Covalent Compound_ 1. They are gases or volatile liquids because their molecules being electrically neutral are not bound by strong attractive force. 2. Covalent compounds readily dissolve in non – polar organic solvents such as benzene etc. 3. They have low melting and boiling points. 4. Covalent Compounds do not conduct electricity. 1dii) 1. High melting and boiling points. 2. Good Conductors of heat and electricity. 3. Relatively high densities. 4. Sonorous. 5. Malleable that is can be hammered into sheets. 1diii) 1. Nature of reactant. 2. Surface area of the reactant. 3. Presence of catalyst. 4. Presence of light. 5. Temperature of the reaction mixture. iii) Gay Lussac’s law states that the volume of gas which take part in a chemical reaction bear a simple whole number ratio to another end to the volume of the products, if gaseous, when measured at constant temperature and pressure. H2(g) + —— 2HCL(g) 2ei) Hardness of water is due to the presence of dissolved Calcium tetraoxosulphate(VI), Magnesiumtetraoxosulphate(VI) and Calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate(IV) in water. 2eii) _Under Temporary Hardness_ 1. This type of hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved calcium hydrogen trioxocarbonate(IV) Can(HCO3)2. 2. It causes furring of kettles and boilers and also stalagmites and stalactites. _Under Permanent Hardness_ 1. This type of hardness is caused by the presence of calcium or magnesium ions in the form of so lube chloride. 2. It can be removed by using chemicals. 2eiii) 1. Addition of caustic soda. 2. Distillation. 3. Addition of Washing Soda.

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WAEC Chemistry PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS FOR 2021/2021

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