Waec Economics 2021 Answers – 23rd September 2021

Waec Economics Answers 2021: Waec Economics Questions and Answers – See all the answers and questions on Economics for this year’s AUGUST/SEPTEMBER Waec Economics exams Expo here.

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ECONOMICS OBJ
1BCCBDBCCBA
11CBBABBBAAB
21AACACBAABB
31ACDDDCDAAB
41BCCCCDBBCD
Completed!!!!

ECONOMICS ESSAY
(1a)
Entire labour force = 30+37+19+12.2+16.1+10.8+15.6+19+10.3 = 170million

(1b)
(i) Primary sector ==> Mining + Fish farming + food crop production

% of primary sector = (16.1+10.8+15.6)/170 ×100%
= 12.5/170 × 100%
= 25%

(ii) Secondary sector ==> Shoe production + Fish processing + Baking

% of primary sector = (30+19+19)/170 × 100%
= 40%

(iii) Tertiary (%) = 100% – (40+25)%
= 35%

(1c)
Ratio = 16.1/30 = 161:300

(1d)
% Warehousing = 12.2/170 × 100%
= 7.2%

(1e)
(i) Mixed economy
(ii) Government and individuals can feature in the three sectors
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
(3a)
Economies of scale is the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale.

(3b)
(i) Technical Economies of Scale
(ii) Purchasing Economies of Scale
(iii) Managerial Economies of Scale

(3c)
(i) Competitors
(ii) Workforce
(iii) Transport availability
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°
(4a)
Product retailing is the process when the dealing are based on tangible goods and usually a relationship with the buyer develops overtime when the buyer visits the product retailer frequently over a period of time.

(4b)
(i)Breaking of bulk: The Wholesaler serves as a bulk breaker to the manufacturer to enable the retailer buy the goods
(ii)Price stability: They help to prevent price fluctuation by stocking the goods until they are demanded.
(iii)Information dissemination: Since the Wholesaler is more closer to the retailers and the consumers, he knows what they want and the complaints that has been made on the goods of the manufacturer.

(4c)
(i)Packaging problems: The packaging of goods is not standardized. This may result in damage or loss in transit.

(ii) Inadequate transport facilities: The poor transport system also affects commodity distribution and marketing in the country. The roads are so bad that commodities sustain great damage due to accidents.

(iii) Long chain of distribution: There are too many middlemen. The numerous links along the chain of distribution make the price of commodities to increase considerably.
°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°′
(8a)
Domestic trade refers to the exchange of goods or services within an individual country or territory. In this type of trade scenario, the market is constrained by the borders of that country, so that all products must be bought and sold by people living within the domestic market. WHILE External trade is the buying and selling of goods take place across the national boundaries of different countries. In other words It is also known as Foreign trade or International trade. On the basis of sale and purchase of goods and services.

(8b)
Terms of trade is the ratio between the index of export prices and the index of import prices. If the export prices increase more than the import prices, a country has a positive terms of trade, as for the same amount of exports, it can purchase more imports. WHILE Balance of trade is the difference between the value of a country’s exports and the value of a country’s imports for a given period. In other words sometimes the balance of trade between a country’s goods and the balance of trade between its services are distinguished as two separate figures.

PLS TAKE NOTE NO 8C CORRECTED PLS TAKE NOTE

(8c)
(i)Rapid Economic Development; High outflow of foreign exchange to meet import demands like technology, machines, and equipment can lead to balance of payment deficit.

(ii)Inflation; Sustained rise in a country’s prices can often make foreign products cheaper, leading to a high volume of imports.

(ii)Political Disturbance; Unstable tax structures, change in government, etc. can lead to a loss in foreign investment, and give way for Balance or payment deficit.

(iv)Demonstration effect; Most of the developing countries get influenced by developed nations and start adopting the foreign pattern of consumption. In other words this results in a sharp rise in imports leading to a deficit in the Balance of Payment.

 

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Waec Economics Answers 2021 for 23rd September 2021

Thursday, 23rd September 2021

• Economics 2 (Essay) 9:30 am. – 11:30 am.
• Economics 1 (Objective) 11:30 am. – 12:30 pm.

EXAM TYPE: Waec 2021

SUBJECT: Economics

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Waec Past Questions and Answer

The West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) is a type of standardized test taken in West Africa, mostly by students who wish to proceed to the higher institution. It is administered by the West African Examination Council (WAEC).

The resources below on Economics have been provided by WAEC to assist you to understand the required standards expected in Economics final Examination. Students’ performance in examination under review was done by the Chief examiner Questions.

The contents in each WASSCE Economics question paper (for a specific year) are usually similar from one country to another. Questions on the WASSCE Economics section may be specified to be answered by candidates.

The standard of the paper was good and did not deviate from those of the previous years.  The questions were straightforward, unambiguous, and spread to cover most aspects of the Syllabus.  The rubrics were clearly stated.

However, there has been so much significant improvement in the overall candidates’ performance compared with those of the previous years because of the Past question that student engages themselves.

WAEC ECONOMICS PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS FOR 2021/2021

Carefully read and take note of the following questions and try to answers by choosing the option that best suits the question after that use your textbook to confirm it. Let get started with the Waec Past Questions and Answer

OBJECTIVE

1. Scarcity in economics means that _______
A. human wants are limitless
B. the economy has very few resources
C. the economy can scarcely produce anything
D. resources are limited.

2. Air is essential to life but commands no price! But Diamond is not essential to life but commands a high price! This is the paradox of ______
A. thrift    B. value        C. abundance         D. scarcity.

3. Economics of scale operate only when ______
A. marginal cost is falling with input
B. average cost is falling with input
C. fixed cost is variable
D. variable cost is less than the fixed cost.

4. Efficiency in production involves _______
A. reducing the size of the workforce
B. producing a given output with the lowest cost combination of factors of production
D. increasing the quantity of the fixed factor of production.

5. An effect of inflation is that it ___________
A. discourages trade by barter
B. favours debtors at the expense of creditors
C. increases the real income of salary earners
D. increases the value of a country’s exports.

6. What could be the opportunity cost of a nuclear power station?
A. the running costs of the power station
B. a coal-fired power station
C. the current value of the power station
D. the cost of building the power station.

7. The diagram below shows a production possibility curve for maize and cotton.

Bad weather causes a poor harvest for both crops. Which movement could be used to represent this change?
A. P to R     B. Q to R          C. S to Q         D. S to R.

8. The market for a good was in equilibrium. A change occurred which resulted in a new equilibrium with a higher price for the good and a lower quantity traded.
What change would have caused this?
A. the demand curve moved to the left
B. the demand curve moved to the right
C. the supply curve moved to the left
D. the supply curve moved to the right.

9. A demand curve shows the relationship between the quantity demanded and ________
A. a change in income
B. consumer tastes
C. the supply of the product
D. the price of the product.

10. A government subsidizes the production of pineapples. This is likely to _______
A. increase the price of pineapples
B. raise the costs of supplying pineapples
C. raise revenue for the government
D. cause the supply of pineapples to increase at every price.

11. What indicates the existence of external costs in an economy?
A. An international trade deficit has caused the country to be in debt.
B. National companies have borrowed from foreign investors.
C. Private costs of production are less than social costs.
D. Private costs of production are more than social benefits.

12. What might be a disadvantage to a trade union when arguing for an increase in its members’ pay?
A. an increase in imports of a cheaper, similar product
B. the closure of a local training college resulting in fewer potential workers
C. the development of a new and profitable brand of the company’s product
D. the development of new techniques that increase productivity.

13. A German car manufacturer decided to produce its cars in a factory in China. What would not be a reason why they might have chosen to do this?
A. cheaper wage costs in China
B. the availability of raw materials
C. to gain external economies from skilled labour in China
D. to increase Germany self-sufficiency.

14. A government removed the quota on goods imported into the country.
What is the most likely result of this?
A. a decrease in demand for domestic production
B. a decrease in domestic unemployment
C. a decrease in exports
D. a decrease in the balance of trade deficit.

15. A modern corporation is owned by ________
A. debenture holders      B. ordinary shareholders        C. preference shareholders       D. creditors.

16. One of the most important factors that should be considered in the location of an industry is _________
A. nearness to the financial centre
B. assured patronage by government functionaries
C. availability of inputs and market
D. availability of adequate security.

17. What is the term used to describe a policy aimed at promoting the local production of goods which are usually imported?
A. deregulation    B. import substitution     C. tariff reduction    D. backward integration.

18. Progressive tax structure is designed to ___________
A. take more from the income of the poor
B. take more from the income of the rich
C. take equal proportion of income from both the rich and the poor
D. reduce the problems emanating from tax imposition.

19. Which of the following best describes the production function?
A. it indicates the best output to produce
B. it relates naira inputs to naira outputs
C. it relates physical outputs to physical inputs
D. it indicates the best way to combine factors to produce any given output.

20. Which of the following reward is associated with entrepreneurship as a factor of production?
A. salaries      B. profits     C. interest     D. rents.

21. In a market economy, the question of what, how and for whom to produce are solved by the ________
A. elected representative of the people
B. planning committee
C. price mechanism
D. government.

22. At any given level of output, a firm’s total variable cost equals ________
A. total cost less marginal cost
B. total cost less total fixed cost
C. total cost less average cost
D. average variable cost and marginal variable cost.

Age groups (years)    Distribution (%)
Above 60                              30
15 – 60                                  45
0 – 14                                     25
23. From the above, the estimated dependency ratio of the population shown above is _______ A. 11: 9        B.9: 11       C. 7: 3     D. 3: 7

23. Which of the following factors is NOT responsible for the rural /urban drift in Nigeria?
A. the infrastructural facilities in the cities
B. declining fertility of rural farmlands
C. rural electrification programme
D. higher living standards in urban areas.

24. The necessity of choice is due to the fact that _______
A. human wants are inelastic
B. customers like to maximize satisfaction
C. resources are abundant
D. consumers are selective.

25. What is meant by labour supply?
A. number of people in working population
B. number of men and hours they work
C. number of hours during which the middle-aged persons work
D. number of workforce multiplied by the hours they worked .

26. Any payment to a factor of production in excess of what is necessary to keep its present employment is known as ________
A. real income       B. profit       C. economic rent        D. real wage

27. The market where there are many differentiated products is called ______
A. monopoly       B. perfect competition    C. monopolistic competition         D. Oligopoly.

1. One of the advantages of large scale production is that
A. there is a rise in the cost of administration.
B. consumers sacrifice their individual tastes.
C. the firm can use labour-saving machinery.
D. the demand for a firm’s products becomes localized.

28. The location of timber and plywood industries in West Africa is mainly influenced by the availability of
A. transport.
B. water.
C. raw materials.
D. labour supply.

29. Malthus’ population theory states that
A. high death rate may lead to low productivity.
B. population may outgrow the means of subsistence.
C. people will always decide to have children.
D. migration may leave some parts of the world barren.

30. Which of the following is not likely to be an effect of a growing population?
A. Rise in demand
B. Unemployment
C. Fall in standard of living
D. High per capita income

31. Personal savings are generally low in West Africa because of
A. the level of income of the people.
B. the refusal of banks to grant loans.
C. overpopulation.
D. cheaper foreign currencies.

32. Devaluation of currency in a country is likely to lead to
A. increasing population.
B. increasing imports.
C. exports becoming cheaper.
D. reduced exports.

7. Which of the following is not a benefit derived from the petroleum industry?
A. Increased foreign exchange earnings
B. Establishment of refineries and petrochemical industries
C. Employment of a greater proportion of the population
D. Development of airports, seaports and other social infrastructure

33. An efficient weapon used in resolving disputes between employees is
A. co-operation.
B. collective bargaining.
C. display of placards.
D. legal action.

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ECONOMICS OBJ:
1-10: CBBBCBCCCB
11-20: BDADBDCBBB
21-30: BCCCACDACA
31-40: DDABBCACDB
41-50: DDDABDBBCA
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(3a)
Consumer goods are products bought for consumption by the average consumer. Alternatively called final goods, consumer goods are the end result of production and manufacturing and are what a consumer will see stocked on the store shelf.

(3bi)
fixed capital is conventionally defined as the stock of tangible, durable fixed assets owned or used by resident enterprises for more than one year.

-Example-
(i)plant
(ii)machinery
(iii)vehicles and equipment

(3bii)
Social capital it basically comprises the value of social relationships and networks that complement the economic capital for economic growth of an organization

-Examples-
(i)when someone opens a door for someone
(ii)returns a lost item to a stranger
(iii)gives someone directions or loans

(3biii)
Circulating capital is money being used for core operations of a company.

-Example-
(i)operating expenses
(ii)inventory in process
(iii)Raw material

(3c)
(i)The level of the real interest rate and the level of per capita GDP.
(ii)The proportion of labor remuneration in national income and Fiscal policy.
(iii)The distribution of income and high effect of taxation.
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(4ai)
Capital expenditure is primarily expenditure on the creation of fixed assets and on the acquisition of land, buildings and intangible assets. While Recurrent expenditure refers mainly to expenditure on
operations, wages and salaries, purchases of goods and
services, and current grants and subsidies.

(4aii)
Monetary policy refers to government activities that are directed toward influencing the quantity of money and credit in an economy. While Fiscal policy involves the use of government spending and revenue raising (taxation) to impact a number of aspects of the economy

(4b)
(i)General Administrative Purposes The administrative machinery of a country may collapse if there is
no money to maintain it; tax therefore forms one of the sources of
such money.

(ii)Defence Purposes
Taxation contributes part of the money used in maintaining a country’s armed forces.

(iii)The Maintenance of Law and Order For internal peace and stability of a country to be guaranteed, laws
must be made and executed, which require money.

(iv)Redistribution of Incomes To achieve this, income tax is made to be progressive in nature.
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(6a)
Money is any commodity that is generally accepted in payment for goods and services or settlement of debt. It is an economic unit that functions as a generally recognized medium of exchange for transactional purposes in an economy and at the same time acts as a measure and store of value.

(6bi)
Value of money: This simply means the quantity of goods and services that money can purchase at a particular time. Value of money refers to what money can buy. It depends on the purchasing power of money. There is an inverse relationship between price and value of money. the higher the level of price, the lower the value of money and vice versa.

(6bii)
Demand for money: This is the desired holding of financial assets in the form of money. In other words, it is cash or bank deposits rather than investments. It is sometimes referred to as liquidity preference.

(6c)
(i) The price of the good or service.
(ii) The income of buyers.
(iii) Interest rates.
(iv) The tastes or preferences of consumers.
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(8a)
(i)Commercial farming is mainly practised in developed countries whereas subsistence farming in less developed or developing countries.
(ii) Commercial farming is cultivated for profits whereas subsistence farming is for the consumption of the farmer and his/her family.
(iii) Commercial farms are very large while that of the subsistence farming are quite small.
(iv) Commercial farming is not dependent much on man power or animal power whereas subsistence farming is dependent.
(v) In commercial farming, there are proper irrigation facilities whereas subsistence farming is generally dependent upon the monsoon.

(8b)
(i) It is usually grown in a piece of land where the land is quite small in the area.
(ii) This type of farming is usually done for the food crop where the farming is done just to satisfy the requirement of the farmers family and not for the purpose of selling it into the market.
(iii) The machineries which are used for the farming process usually primitive.
(iv) Primitive form of irrigation or little irrigation is done for this type of farming.

(8c)
-Positive effects-
(i)It serves as source of revenue for the government
(ii)It creates job opportunities for people in the area.

-Negative effects-
(i)It causes loss of valuable lands
(ii)It causes environmental pollution and pose health hazards
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